I have found another marriage of Henry Charles Bowker, this time in Q3 of 1873 and he m. Emma Susannah Monypenny at Bangor.  These are the same name and initials as the lady on the 1881 census, though I am not sure why they m. in Bangor as she was born, from 1881, in Hadlow, Kent.  Perhaps I can give this a while to digest before actioning anything.  She was 36 in 1881, thus born c. 1845, but no birth to be found around then on FreeBMD, apart from a ‘Female Monypenny’ in Q4 of 1844 in Tunbridge, Kent; sounds possible as Hadlow is in the Tunbridge district; vol 5, p. 492.
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TFPL, 2011: I found these deaths on FreeBMD for Henry Bowkers born in 1839:

Surname   First name(s)   Age   District   Vol  Page
Deaths Jun 1892   (>99%)
Bowker Henry 5[41] Caistor 7a 390   Scan available - click to view
Deaths Mar 1901   (>99%)
Bowker Henry William 60 Camberwell 1d 554   Scan available - click to view
Deaths Mar 1911   (>99%)
Bowker Henry 71 Birmingham 6d 39   
Deaths Jun 1920   (>99%)
BOWKER Henry C 80 Uxbridge 3a 31

The last has his second initial.  It sounds like him, particularly as he was living in Uxbridge in 1911.  Confirmed by his probate on 9 June 1920.
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In the 1881 census, his household was:

Surname  Forename  Age  Relation  Occupation  Birth Place
Bowker Henry C 41 Head Minister Christ Church  London, Middlesex  
Bowker Emma S 36 Wife Hadlow, Kent
Bowker Henry W 12 Son Scholar Betford, Nottinghamshire  
Bowker Anthony G 5 Son Scholar Hull, Yorkshire  
Bowker William A 1 Son Hull, Yorkshire
Rogerson Mary A 22 Servant  Cook Hull, Yorkshire
Hopkinson Sarah E 19 Servant  House Maid  Hull, Yorkshire
Duffield Eliza A 15 Servant  Nurse Maid  Hull, Yorkshire

Ref: RG11/4761/F?

Address: 16 John Street Parish: Sculcoates Registration District: Sculcoates
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In the 1901 census there is a Henry C Bowker, School master in Doncaster, with his wife Emma S and 3 sons in residence.
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In the 1891 census Henry S Bowker was Rector of Culmington with his wife Emma S, two sons and a daughter.  (Moved around a bit...)
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In the 1871 census Henry C Boker was a visitor clergyman at a Vicarage in Fairlight, Sussex; he was recorded as unmarried and aged 31.
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In the 1911 census he was a widower but with two sons and a daughter:

Surname  Forename  Age  Gender  Relation  Marriage  Years  Occupation  Birth Place
  Status   Married

Bowker Henry Charles 71 Male Head Widower Retired Schoolmaster  St Botolph Aldersgate, London
Bowker William Ernest 31 Male Son Single - None  Sculcoates, Yorkshire
Bowker Ashley Hugh 30 Male Son Single - Advertisement Clerk  Sculcoates, Yorkshire
Bowker Constance Mary 28 Female Daughter Single  - Culmington, Shropshire
Jeffrey Annie Louisa 26 Female Servant Single - General Servant  Dinton, Buckinghamshire

Address: Ardsley, Hallowell Rd, Northwood Registration District: Uxbridge Sub District: Uxbridge Civil Parish: Ruislip

Ref: RG14 - PN6778 RD127 SD2 ED8 SN8

That seems to make 6 s. and 1 dau. between the 1881 and 1911 censuses.
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Their marriage:

Surname   First name(s)      District   Vol  Page
Marriages Sep 1873   (>99%)
Bowker Henry Charles Bangor 11b 643
MONYPENNY Emma Susannah    Bangor 11b 643