Changed name to Trotter - his wife's mother's family - when he inherited the Horton estate, from his wife's uncle John Trotter who died sp in 1856, [the fuller, and more accurate, story is in the text of the Royal Licence] by Royal Licence on 3rd December 1868 and then was granted an impartible quartering of Trotter and Brown but with a mark of distinction, the latter for his lifetime only (almost certainly because he was NOT of Trotter descent himself).  His children would have inherited these plus the Brown arms plus the Trotter arms from their mother.  In Harleian Soc's Grantees of Arms 1687-1898.

There is only one question on this heraldic inheritance.  Did the Welbanks have any arms?  If not, were the Trotter arms inheritable by Mary Welbank from her mother, Anne Trotter?  Answer in 1920: The WSelbanks did have arms, granted to George the father of Mary in 1807; The one-time Windsor Herald has agreed that Mary’s children inherited the Welbank, and other, quarterings and that Lilian Trotter was the eventual heir to one of these, her father Henry Eden Trotter (born Brown), and that therefore she carried all these quarterings to her children and which are no held by the P-Ls, all of them.

In 1863 he was living at Wimbledon, Surrey and in 1870 he was at Penshurst, Kent, both according to Alumni Oxoniensis for his sons.

His baptism transcript by me:

[Camden  >  St Andrew, Holburn  >  1792-1805

“Christenings in November 1800
“. . . .
December 1800
. . . .
“William Son of George Brown Esqr & Margaret his Wife. Ely Place  2” [December]

There is a contrast between the Tunbridge Wells that he said was his birth place in the censuses and the Ely Place that is given in the baptism register as the family’s abode.  I am strongly tempted to say that his early memories might well have been of Tonbridge Wells, but he would not remember where he was born and that was Ely Place, London.
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Occupations in the censuses:

Year  Name     Occupation                 Location
1841  Brown    Merchant                   Wimbledon, Surrey
1851  Brown    Merchant                   Penshurst village, Sevenoaks, Kent
1861  Brown    Landed prop & fund holder  Canon Lane, Wateringbury, Malling, Kent
1871  Trotter  Magistrate Landowner       Horton Manor, Epsom, Surrey
1881  Trotter  JP. Farming 148 acres      Horton Manor House, Epsom, Surrey
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His death certificate, No 485 on the Epsom register, says he died on the 26th March 1887 at Horton Manor, Epsom, Surrey at the age of 86 of "Heart disease Syncopi", informed by H A Trotter, daughter who was in attendance at the death and lived at Horton Manor, on 2nd April 1887. The registrar was James Andrews.
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TFPL, Nov 2002: I found him in James Balfour Paul's "Ordinary of Arms" published by Wm Green of Edinburgh in 1893.  On p. 33 he gave:
"Az. a chevron chequy arg. and sa. between three fleurs de lys of the second.  WILLIAM BROWN OF HORTON PLACE, co. SURREY (1869)"
This was a year after he had in fact had his name changed, by Royal Licence organised by the English heralds, from Brown to Trotter (or, possibly to Trotter-Brown).
I hope to follow up the Pedigree Register kept by the Lyon office to see what they recorded.  The record was made on the 8th Jan 1869 and is in Volume 8, folio 24 of the arms register, but nothing in the pedigree register; details to follow.

TFPL, 14th December 2002: Details received and are in the Arms Blazon Section.
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In the 1841 census he was living at Woodhays, Wimbledon Common, Surrey with his wife and family and his sisters Helen and Amelia.  The children were Harriet, William and Mary Louisa.  There were 10 servants in the house with them.

Not found in the 1851 census even though son Ernest just born.

In the 1871 census he was living at Horton Manor, Epsom with his wife, five daughters and seventeen servants.  Additionally some other staff seem to have been in adjoining cottages.

He was 70, a magistrate and landowner and born in Tonbridge Wells, Kent.
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His burial record:

Trotter William Esquire
86
Horton Manor, Epsom
31 March 1887
Grave No: A46A
Reg No: 1615
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His probate index:

TROTTER William
471
Personal Estate £3,569 12s. 11d.
Resworn November 1887 £3,604 11s. 6d.
Resworn Jany 1890 £15,904-11-6.
254

5 May [1887].  The Will of William Trotter late of Horton Manor Epsom in the County of Surrey who died 26 March 1887 at Horton Manor was proved at the Principal Registry by Harriet Amelia Trotter of Horton Manor Spinster the Daughter and William Sampson Trotter of Sarnesfield Court Weobly in the County of Hereford Esquire the Son two of the Executors.

The above two executors were the eldest surviving daughter and son respectively.
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I have not obtained a copy of this will as I have not thought there could be anything of interest in it.  The interesting bits happened in 1868 when he got his RL and inherited the Manor.  But I could be WRONG!.
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By RL of 3 Dec 1868 (Armorial Families Vol 2, p. 1965):

(Note that the distinction mark for Trotter only applied to him in his lifetime as he had no blood connection with the Trotters, much as his many children did.)

Quarterly
1st & 4th: Argent, a crescent gules, on a chief indented azure three mullets pierced of the field, a canton argent, for distinction.  TROTTER.
2nd & 3rd: Azure, a chevron chequy argent and sable between three fleurs-de-lis of the second.  BROWN

Crests:
1st:  A horse, trotting argent.  TROTTER
2nd: A lion rampant gules, holding in his dexter fore-paw a fleur-de-lis argent.  BROWN

Mottoes:
Over the crest of TROTTER: Festina lente
Over the crest of BROWN: Fortitudine et fidelitate.
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By Letters Patent on the 8th January 1869, from the Lyon King of Arms: copied and certified by Elizabeth Roads, Lyon Clerk, from Volume 8, folio 24 of the Lyon Register.

"Excerpt of Letters patent from the Lord Lyon King of Arms in favour of William Brown of Horton Place, Esquire, dated the 8th day of January 1869.

"Whereas William Brown of Horton Place in the parish of Epsom and County of Surrey, formerly of Penshurst in the County of Kent, Esquire, hath by Petition of date the eighteenth day of November last Represented unto Us, that he is the eldest son of the late George Brown, Esquire, merchant in London by Margaret his wife eldest daughter of Henry Balfour of Pilrig in the County of Edinburgh, Esquire, Major in the First Royal Regiment of Foot, and of Jean his wife eldest daughter of William Elliot of Wolflee in the County of Roxburgh, Esquire, and grandson of John Brown, Merchant in Glasgow, all deceased, and hath prayed that We would Grant Our License and Authority to him and to his descendants and to the other descendants of his said father to bear and use such Ensigns Armorial as might be found suitable and according to the Laws of Arms: Know ye therefore that We have devised and do by these presents Assign, Ratify and Confirm to the said William Brown Esquire, and to his descendants and to the other descendants of his said father with such congruent differences as may hereafter be matriculated for them, the following Ensigns Armorial, as depicted upon the margin hereof, and Matriculated of even date with these presents in Our Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland, vix: Azure, a Chevron checquy Argent and Sable between three Fleurs-de-lis of the second.  Above the Shield is placed a Helmet befitting his Degree, with a Mantling Gules doubled Argent, and on a Wreath of his Liveries is set for Crest, a Lion rampant Gules armed and Langued Azure holding in his dexter forepaw a Fleur-de-lis Argent, and in an Escrol over the same this Motto "Fortitudine et Fidelitate".

"Matriculated the Eighth day of January 1869.

"Extracted furth of the Public Register of All Arms
and Bearings in Scotland, Volume 8, folio 24,
this 9th day of December 2002."

Points to note in this extract from the Scottish Register:

First that he claims to be William Brown, when in England a Royal Licence had been signed a month previously to change his name to Trotter.

Second the English Royal Licence says that he was to quarter the Trotter arms with those of his family.  But these Letters Patent make it clear that he had no arms of his family at that time - though there might have been a previous grant to him in England (something to check).  2015, TFPL: I have found that these Brown arms were previously matriculated by The Lord Lyon for William’s cousin Claud Hamilton Brown when he changed his surname to Hamilton on 29th March 1865, so they were indeed arms of his family.

Third that this repeats that Wm's grandfather was Major Henry Balfour of Pilrig, whereas he was in fact a merchant of Leith, though born to Pilrig.

Fourth the Scottish Blazon of the crest makes it explicit that the Lion rampant is armed and langued Azure, while the English RL leaves this out, though such is commonly understood.

Fifth, these arms were to be held also by all other descendants of his father, with congruent differences.  This implies that they all inherited them from their father and that this was (effectively) a posthumous grant to his father.
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I wrote to the Lyon Clerk about the link between the matriculations to Claud Hamilton Hamilton and to William Brown and got this reply from Mrs Elizabeth Roads, LVO, FSA.:

“Unfortunately for several of the recordings of Arms at this time there is little background information and that is the case for Claud Hamilton Hamilton.

“There is, however, discussion about the Arms for William Brown as he then was.  His agent discussed with my predecessor as Lyon Clerk the relevant Arms which it was stated had been used by his ancestors, and therefore also by the ancestors of his cousin Claud.  Although at the time a bordure charged with otter's heads to reflect his maternal Balfour ancestor was proposed I assume it was abandoned because his cousin Claud had already recorded a quartered Arms with Brown for affection.  As his Brown element had no marks of cadency it would have been illogical for his senior cousin to have Arms which reflected a non-existent juniority within the family.
As quartered Arms are differenced Arms no problem arose from both cousins having the same Brown element.

“It is an unusual situation as both received Grants of Arms showing the same Brown Arms.  However, the Arms granted to Claud did not included his cousin within the destination and thus William had to receive a Grant but it was determined that the relationship should be clear from the Arms assigned.”
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With the discovery of the Welbank arms of hsi father-in-law, it means he could have borne a significant inescutcheon of pretence, from 1868 to the end of his life.

This would have the arms granted him by RL in 1968 with a shield at the centre carrying these quarters: Trotter 1868 without the canton distinction mark, Welbank, Trotter.  The arms of pretence are thos carried by his wife Mary Elizabeth who was heir to her father george Welbaank and to her grandfather James Trotter and herself carried the 1868 arms without the distinction mark.

While his Brown arms would go as a quartering to his children, it would not be on the shield of pretence and was already present on his own 1868 Trotter arms-with-the-canton-distinction-mark.

I shall endeavour to exemplify this.
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Quarterly
1st & 4th: Argent, a crescent gules, on a chief indented azure three mullets pierced of the field, a canton argent, for distinction.  TROTTER.
2nd & 3rd: Azure, a chevron chequy argent and sable between three fleurs-de-lis of the second.  BROWN

Royal Licence to him of 3 Dec 1868 for new Trotter arms.

By Letters Patent on the 8th January 1869, from the Lyon King of Arms, for the Brown arms.

From Saint James’s Chronicle of 26 August 1834:

MARRIED
Aug 21, at St Mary’s, Bryanston-square, William, eldest son of the late George Brown, Esq., of Russell-square, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of the late George Welbank, Esq., of St James’s-place.
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March 2021, TFPL: After a massive search taking hours on Ancestry I did manage to actually find this original record and have transcribed it:

“MARRIAGES solemnized in St Mary’s Church, in the Parish of St Mary-Le_Bone, in the County of Middlesex in the Year One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Four
“. . . .
“William Brown of the Parish of St James Westminster Esquire  Bachelor
“and Mary Elizabeth Welbank of the District-Rectory of
“St Mary in the Parish of St Marylebone,  Spinster
“were married in this Church by Licence
“this twenty-first Day of August in the Year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.
”By me  Henry Brown M.A. P Curate of Tandridge
“:This marriage was solemnised between us [signed] Willm Brown  Mary Elizabeth Welbank
“In the Presence of Wm.Sampson  Sarah Welbank  H Sampson  Robert Welbank  G Brown(?)
No: 114”
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It is worth noting that the first witnesses were William and Harriet, née Welbank, Sampson as they had taken Mary Elizabeth into their care when she was totally orphaned in 1820.  This I had previously deduced from William Sampson’s will but this additional information confirms my previous thought.
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March 2021, TFPL: Their marriage licence, transcribed by me:

2/6d
LONON DIOCESE
15 August 1834

APPEARED PERSONALLY William Brown of the Parish of St James Westminster in the County of Middlesex Esquire aged twenty one years & upwards Bachelor

and Prayed a Licence for the Solemnization of Matrimony in the District Church of St Mary in the parish of St Mary lebone in the same County

between him and Mary Elizabeth Welbank of the District of St Mary in the said Parish of St Mary le bone of the age of Twenty one years & upwards and a Spinster

and made Oath that He believeth that there is no Impediment of Kindred or Alliance, or any other lawful Cause, nor any Suit, commenced in any Ecclesiastical Court to bar or hinder the Proceeding of the said Matrimony, according to the tenor of such Licence.  And He further made Oath, that the said Mary Elizabeth Welbank hath had her usual place of Abode within the said District of St Mary in the said parish of St Mary lebone for the space of Fifteen days past  [signed] Willm Brown

Sworn before me [signed] William Robinson surr
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